![]() Participants who won more money reported lower ratings of total unpleasantness, suggesting that participants who rated more odors as pleasant were experiencing positive emotions in the prefrontal cortex, which facilitated decision making. 3 Weight loss programs may aim to control or to compensate for hedonic hunger. Conclusion: Poor decision-making was related to higher ratings of unpleasant odors, suggesting that those who reported more odors as unpleasant, were experiencing negative emotions in the prefrontal cortex, which inhibited decision-making. Hedonic hunger or hedonic hyperphagia is 'the drive to eat to obtain pleasure in the absence of an energy deficit.' 1 Particular foods may have a high 'hedonic rating' 2 or individuals may have increased susceptibility to environmental food cues. Net total (r = -0.238, p = 0.093), draws from the high risk and high reward (r = 0.133, p = 0.352), low risk and high reward C (rho = 0.040, p = 0.781), and low risk low reward (r = -0.143, p = 0.317) were not significantly correlated with unpleasantness ratings across all odors. Number of draws from the high risk and low reward deck (r = 0.368, p = 0.008) was correlated with higher total unpleasantness ratings across all odors. Results: Total money earned on the IGT-II was associated with lower unpleasant odor ratings across all odors (r = -0.332, p = 0.017). The task utilizes four card different card decks: A) low-risk, low-reward, B) high-risk, low-reward, C) low-risk, high-reward, and D) high-risk, high-reward. They also completed the Iowa Gambling Task-II (IGT-II), a computerized task that assesses decision-making while gambling to earn fake money. They underwent tests of odor threshold detection, odor identification, and ratings of odor pleasantness and unpleasantness using the Sniffin' Sticks Test battery. Methods: Undergraduate students (N=100) from a midsize private Midwestern university participated in the study for course research credit. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between pleasantness and unpleasantness ratings of odors and decision-making during a virtual gambling task. However, the context in which a study is conducted has been shown to potentially affect its outcome ( 1 4 ). The olfactory bulb is connected to the amygdala and the hippocampus. Consumers' hedonic responses to foods and to other goods are commonly measured with rating scales in fields as diverse as sensory and consumer science, nutrition, and marketing. Associations Between Decision Making and Hedonic Response to Odor Background: The Limbic system supports many functions including emotion, behavior, motivation, decision-making, long-term memory, and olfaction.
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